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Fall Processing Recommendations for Weaning-aged Calves

Reference these veterinarians’ tips on fall processing, vaccinations for calves and more

Fall Processing

It’s crucial to focus on fall processing efforts to ensure the health and productivity of your herd, especially for weaning-aged calves. Tony Hawkins, DVM, consulting veterinarian at Valley Vet Supply, brings extensive experience in cattle health, dedicated to improving their well-being and productivity. Let's join Dr. Hawkins as he guides us through the essential steps to support our calves in their next stage of life.

Vaccinations

For our weaning-aged calves, fall processing is a valuable time to vaccinate calves to help build up their immunity. They're at risk for respiratory disease and also some clostridial diseases. So, we really need to protect their immune system and help offer as much support as we can.

The best time to vaccinate these cattle is actually prior to weaning, by about three to four weeks, if at all possible. That way, those vaccines kick in, and we have immunity already built up during the stressful time of weaning. During weaning, stress can add up from calves experiencing new surroundings, such as unfamiliar feed, new water sources, commingling with different cattle, which increases exposure to harmful disease pathogens. Stress can compromise immune systems, making vaccinations all the more important.

For weaning-aged calves, you’ll want to vaccinate using:

  1. A modified live 5-way vaccine, which will cover Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) Types I & II, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) and Parainfluenza3 Virus (PI3). These are all critical viruses that create respiratory disease in calves. I prefer an injectable at this timeframe. The reason being is that intranasal vaccines do not include BVD protection, which is an important virus we need to protect our calves against.
  2. A Pasteurella vaccine, which protects against Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. These are very common bacteria that can invade the lungs and cause severe pneumonia and respiratory disease. You can get these vaccines separately from your modified live injectables, or you can find a modified live injectable that has Pasteurella protection included. Many people prefer the convenience of having one shot to cover both.
  3. A 7- or 8-way blackleg vaccine, depending on the part of the country you live in. Your veterinarian would be able to provide some information on which product would be better for your location, to best protect calves from these clostridial diseases.

Those are the three big vaccines that really every operation can benefit from around weaning time. If you're banding bulls at this time, you do need to give a tetanus toxoid. Ideally, you’ll give two rounds with the second round being at the time of banding. Practically, for most operations, that's not possible. Many only give one tetanus at the time of banding and tend to get along OK, but there is still some risk there.

Implanting

An implant would be important for this group of calves. Cattle implants improve efficiency and profitability -- increasing the animals’ growth by up to 20% and improving feed efficiency by up to 10%. The return on investment when incorporating cattle implants can be upwards of 10-1, so for every dollar you spend on an implant, you can get $10 back.

Here are a few tips when implanting cattle.

  • Ensure proper positioning. Implant the backside of the ear, in the middle-third. You can find diagrams online to help illustrate proper positioning.
  • Implement low-stress cattle handling, which will reduce overcrowding and excess manure contamination of the head and ears.
  • Prioritize sanitation and cleanliness to help minimize the risk of infection and ear abscesses, which can prevent the implant from working.
  • Place a bucket nearby with disinfectant and a stiff brush, so you can gently clean the ear using disinfectant. Replace the solution after it becomes dirty.
  • In addition to cleaning any soiled ear, disinfect all sides of the needle, using a sponge soaked in a disinfectant (I recommend using chlorhexidine.)

Deworming

For this age group, in the fall I prefer an oral drench cattle dewormer, because it better controls parasites for this group based on some recent studies. Next Spring, I’d recommend a pour-on or an injectable cattle dewormer because it gets those ectoparasites, as well. Now, the newest thing for deworming cattle is to use combination deworming methods, where you give two different classes of dewormers at the same time, such as you might give both a pour-on and an oral drench. That’s also a very effective combination to control parasites, lice and flies.

We can use fecal samples to monitor for parasite load and measure how effective our deworming program is. It's been shown that it's actually much more accurate to monitor fecals in calves instead of cows, because it shows a more accurate representation of the parasite load in your pasture area. A fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) would tell us how effective your dewormers are; steps for an FECRT include:

  1. Retrieve sample from a calf.
  2. Deworm the calf.
  3. Two weeks later, retrieve sample from the same calf.
  4. Confirm results from your veterinarian â?? an effective deworming should show a 95% reduction in those egg counts.

With this information, along with insight from your veterinarian, I hope you feel well-prepared for fall processing. Continue learning at ValleyVet.com.

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