Are Your Sows Farrowing Ready?
Preparation is one of the most powerful tools producers have during the farrowing season.
Dr. Laura Meier, Technical Service Veterinarian at Valley Vet Supply, shares key management considerations to help support sows before farrowing gives piglets the strongest possible start.
Nutrition
"There are many theories about how to feed sows prior to farrowing, such as reducing fecal volume or providing extra energy," says Dr. Meier. "The goal is to find the right balance of both."
A practical approach is feeding two small meals per day at approximately two to three pounds per feeding. This provides adequate energy for farrowing without creating excessive fecal mass that could interfere with piglet passage through the birth canal.
Supplementing with Milkin Mix may also help reduce constipation in sows during gestation and farrowing, when many milking problems occur.
Ensure sows have unrestricted access to clean, fresh drinking water at all times.
Dr. Meier's Recommendations for Vaccinations and Deworming
"The goal of pre-farrowing vaccinations is to boost the sow's antibody levels so she can produce high-quality colostrum for piglets at birth," says Dr. Meier.
Scours (Clostridial diseases, E coli, and Salmonella)
Common vaccine options include:
Respiratory Protection
PRRS
PRRS vaccines should only be used in PRRS positive herds or herds at high risk of exposure from outside sources.
Gilts
Because this is their first farrowing, administer two doses: one approximately five weeks before farrowing and a second dose two weeks later.
Sows
If previously primed with a two-dose series, only one booster dose is needed, ideally around four weeks prior to farrowing.
Deworming
Late gestation is an appropriate time to deworm sows and gilts. This helps reduce parasite load and supports overall health before farrowing. Common options include:
Facility Space
Many farrowing systems are available, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
"The goal is to choose a system that keeps both the sow and piglets safe while also fitting your farm's management style," says Dr. Meier.
Regardless of the system used, it should include three key components:
Taking time to prepare sows before farrowing helps prevent problems instead of reacting to them. Prioritizing nutrition, immunity, parasite control, and facility design sets the stage for stronger litters and healthier sows.
